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Rural Development Institute
Brandon University
270-18th Street
Brandon, MB R7A 6A9
Ph: 204-571-8515
Fx: 204-725-0364
rdi@brandonu.ca
Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation (CRRF) Publications
Previously known as Canadian Rural Restructuring Foundation.
Changing Rural Institutions
Richard C. Rounds, ed. | .pdf
Globalization, changing roles in senior governments and technological change are creating new, rapid and significant pressures on rural societies. Rural Canada is faced with issues that require attention, but the institutional structures may not be appropriate to new situations. Response, therefore, may involve defining new mandates or approaches for existing institutions, recognizing and abandoning structures that no longer are useful, or establishing whole new organizations to deal with pressures. Ultimately, rural society will be changed dramatically by changes that appear to be minor, incremental or uncertain.
This book contains 17 chapters divided into four parts. Three chapters define and explain the nature of rural institutions and their role in society.
Sociological, economic and geographic perspectives help orient the reader to the nature of institutions in both local and global contexts. Eight chapters review major institutions and patterns of change. Included are municipal government, development agencies, the informal economy, cooperatives and private enterprises. These are followed by four chapters concerned with the primary industries of mining, forestry and fishing. Finally, two chapters provide international perspectives to changes in rural Canada. The book provides timely analysis of important events in rural Canada that should interest a wide range of policy makers, academics and rural citizens.
ISBN 1-895397-53-7
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Employment: An International Perspective
Ray D. Bollman & J. Bryden, eds. | Order this publication
Development in rural areas is a key research and policy issue in many industrialized countries. Central to this is the subject of rural employment. This 480 page book presents an international perspective on rural employment and has been development from selected papers presented at a conference held in Quebec, Canada, in October 1995 and organized by the Canadian Rural Restructuring Foundation.
The book consists of 30 chapters divided into seven parts. Seven chapters are reports of international comparative analyses prepared for the OECD Rural Development Programme. Another group of chapters focuses on retaining and retraining youth to stay in rural areas. Other issues addressed include lifestyle and residential choice, rural enterprises, policies to stimulate employment, the role of agriculture, and alternative niches including tourism and using the information highway. Case study material is drawn from several countries, including the USA, Canada, UK, Sweden and Finland. The book presents a timely review of an important subject that will interest a wide range of academics and policy makers in rural studies, whether from the perspective of economics, geography, sociology or planning.
ISBN 0 85199 198
Please note Rural Development Institute can sell this publication in Canada only. Orders outside of Canada, please contact:
CAB-International
Wallingford, Oxon
OX10 8DE
UK Tel: +44(0)1491 832111;
FAX +44(0)1491 826090;
email: cabi@cabi.org.
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CRRF Working Paper Series Number 11 – 1998 - Local Development in Quebec
by Ray D. Bollman, ed. | .pdf
These papers on local development, local investment fund and localised industrial systems in Quebec were presented to the 7th Annual Rural Policy Conference of CRRF entitled International Symposium: Perspectives on Rural Employment.
In this collection, Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay reviews the concepts of an industrial district and investigates whether enterprises have adopted such networks in the so-called “Golden Triangle” in the Monteregie area south of Montreal. She found that the use of formal and informal networks varied widely among the businesses studied. Thus, it was not clear that innovation networks existed and that they contributed to the success of enterprises in the region. “Local institutions that seem typical of industrial districts do not exist in Monteregie and skills development takes different forms in the Quebec firms studied.”
Cecile Sabourin reviews the relationship of local development investment funds and community economic development. She points out that “the fact remains that they are ‘investment funds’”. However, she argues that “local development funds must act as true partners, forsaking the bludgeons of the financial system – short-term objectives.”
Laval Doucet and Ilenda Mbemba document how a group of three rural communities in Temiscouata (Saint-Juste (Lots’Renverses), Auclair and Lejeune) have worked together to arrest the decline in their workforce that was based on agriculture and forestry. The local action was initiated by members of the clergy. Co-operatives were the focus in the early days but some businesses have evolved into private enterprise. Doucet and Mmemba argue that local or community economic development can make a difference–and certainly did make a difference in the case study that they present.
ISBN 1-895397-64-2
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CRRF Working Paper Series – Number 10 – 1998 NAFTA and the New Rural Economy International Perspectives
by R.C. Rounds, ed. | .pdf
At a Conference in Gimli, MB one session concerned perspectives on international trade and rural economies. Three very different approaches to the topic emerged, both descriptively and conceptually.
Mexican scholar Dr. David R. Davila Villers views globalization as a force creating the evolution of three very different responses with the Mexican culture. His fascinating review of the “three Mexicos” provides insight for the rest of the world into how global forces can change the internal structure of a nation that is in some ways a first world nation and in other ways very “backward”. The economic, political and social identification of various segments of the population are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to rural Mexico.
Italian economist Dr. Riccardo Cappelin approaches economic globalization from the perspective of regional economic structural adjustment in industry. Using Northern Italy as a case study, he examines the response of local and regional small and medium size enterprises to international competitive forces. Factors considered include propensity for export, the relationship between the number of SMEs and employment, and the importance of decentralization of industrial policies and of an active role for regional and municipal public and collective institutions in industrial policy.
American scholars Drs. Molly Sizer and Shirley Porterfield look at a different aspect of the rural impact of international trade agreements in the United States. Utilizing the theories of international trade and the profit cycle, the authors predict and test hypotheses. Results indicate that workers and industries that are “less productive” are impacted most strongly. The fact that these industries tend to be located in peripheral regionals (rural) reflects differential negative impact in rural manufacturing. Interesting U.S.-Mexican and U.S.-Canadian impacts are reviewed.
ISBN 1-895397-57-X
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CRRF Working Paper Series – Number 9 – 1997 A Stake in the North: Papers on Mining, Forestry and Remote Tourism Employment
by Ray D. Bollman, ed. | .pdf
Three articles are presented in this collection. Mary Louise McAllister discusses the options used by various mining companies in recent years to minimize the ‘boom-and-bust’ employment stereotype often ascribed to mining communities. She closes with a discussion on the role of community economic development in mining communities.
Tim Williamson and Rene Samson show that although the overall productivity of the forestry sector has increased over time, productivity levels per person have increased at an equal or greater rate causing employment stagnation or employment declines. Communities dependent upon wood industries tended to have greater reductions in their labour force than communities dependent upon paper and allied industries.
The last article by Jeremy Williams and Gary Bull presents a method to evaluate the impacts on timber operations and remote tourism operators of alternate scenarios of lumbering around tourism operations. A multiple accounts analysis framework is used to document impacts in four categories: the economic impact of each scenario on the remote tourism operators; the impacts on the timber operators; social impacts and environment impacts.
ISBN 1-895397-54-5
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CRRF Working Paper Series – Number 8 – 1996 Women in Agriculture
by Fran Shaver, ed. | .pdf
A collection of three articles are presented in this publication.
The first, by Lynne L. Neiman, focuses on the role of women in sectoral decision-making organizations. The organizations in question include commodity and marketing boards at both the national and provincial levels, federations of agriculture, retail unions and associations. In an attempt to understand why women are so poorly represented, differences are studied in the amount and level of women’s participation in six types of farm organizations.
An article by Fiona MacKenzie describes the actions of a network of farmers in Eastern Ontario–Women for the Survival of Agriculture (WSA). MacKenzie demonstrates that WSA has been active in deconstructing the image of women as ‘farm wives’–one which assumes women’s free labour on the farm–and reconstructing an alternative image of farm women as equal business partners. She claims WSA sought to ensure the stability of the family farm as a viable economic unit and concludes WSA’s effectiveness has depended on this strategic manipulation of two contradictory ideologies.
The last paper by Louise I. Carbert takes a historical perspective to argue that “the prevailing distinction between old and new farm women is inadequate, chiefly because it does not account for the central place of the Women’s Institutes (WI) in the history of rural Canada.” She contrasts WI to a series of organizations that have sprung up across North America since 1975.
ISBN 1-895397-48-0
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 7 - Towards A Whole Rural Policy for Canada
Agriculture and Rural Restructuring Group, eds. | .pdf
The House of Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food and the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry are jointly examining the issue of restructuring of the global economy by considering the long-term future of the agri-food system in Canada. This mandate in itself is a clear indication of the new realities and demonstrates the need for strategic vision and planning. In addition to dealing with the universal interest in efficiency and competitiveness, the Joint Standing Committee has also invited submissions that address issues of sustainability and fairness. As well, the committee is concerned with the long-term viability of rural Canada.
The ARRG Research Network was invited to make a presentation to the Standing Committee on the relationship between rural and agricultural futures. Few analysts focus on the connection between the agricultural and rural sectors of society and economy in Canada, but ARRG emphasizes that the two are closely interrelated.
The material and ideas are based on research both commissioned by the Canadian Rural Restructuring Foundation (CRRF) and that completed by ARRG members before the formation of ARRG in 1987. The purpose of this brief is to broaden the scope of our thinking and to realize the interconnectedness of the many parts of the restructuring puzzle. The future of agriculture and all primary sectors is deeply intertwined with the future of rural Canada.
ISBN 1-895397-34-0
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 6 - Development Strategies for Rural Canada: Evaluating Partnerships, Jobs, and Communities
Bill Reimer & Grace Young, eds. | .pdf
This publication is a summary of the 5th annual rural policy conference organized by ARRG, which took place in Wolfville, Nova Scotia October, 1993.
This conference focused on policy options for rural Canada. Evaluation of past and present strategies forms the basis for proposals regarding the future. Three features of current policy have been chosen for particular attention: partnerships, jobs and communities. Each of these has been proposed by some as a promising basis for rural development, and each of them has been criticized by others as a diversion from real development in rural areas.
Session themes include Partnerships in Rural Development Strategies: Past and Present Experiences and Lessons for Future Policy; What Have We Learned About Rural Development Strategies; Establishing and Maintaining Partnerships for Rural Development; Establishing and Maintaining Partnerships for Rural Job Creation; Strategies for Local Problem Solving (including summaries from various workshops); and Policy Directions for the Future.
ISBN 1-895397-32-4
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 5 – The Structure, Theory and Practice of Partnerships in Rural Development
R.C. Rounds, ed. | .pdf
During the last few years partnerships have become a major tool to promote rural development. As declining populations and a weakening economy for primary production combine to place pressure on rural citizens and communities, their strength of numbers becomes more important, and cooperation becomes a more functional strategy than competition. The Community Futures program of Employment and Immigration Canada serves as a model for promoting bottom-up development that includes government. The two lead articles in this publication review various aspects of how Community Futures programs attempt to draw a community into all facetsof development. The authors use three case studies to illustrate the process of progressive involvement in bottom-up development and to outline the necessary steps to work through the unique difficulties that will be encountered in each community.
The third paper is a theoretical discussion of why partnerships are necessary, and how they slot into economic theory. The fourth article reviews the development and functioning of partnerships between or among communities. This paper is essential reading for anyone involved in inter-community partnerships.
The fifth paper is a first look at results of some new programs that involve senior governments in partnership with Aboriginal peoples. The final three papers concern various aspects of cooperatives as a strategy for promoting rural development.
ISBN 1-895397-25-1
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 4 – Stimulating Rural Economies for the 2000′s: The Challenge for Rural Manufacturing and Tradable Services
A.M. Fuller & R.C. Rounds, eds. | .pdf
This set of proceedings records the events, papers and discussion at Goderich, Ontario in October, 1992. It was intended at this conference to share positive aspects of the challenge to rural manufacturing and tradeable services, not just the problems. Consequently, there are six important case studies of positive adjustment experiences across Canada included in the proceedings.
L.P. Apedaile, R.D. Bollman, W. Reimer and J.C. Stabler explore the major characteristics of manufacturing and services in rural Canada, address the question of how a focus on service industries can improve the economies of rural places and then identify major social resources and policies implicated in strengthening rural service and manufacturing industries. Gary Davidson presents a paper on how to translate the larger contexts of the “new economy” into local action.
G. Andrew Bernat of the United States Department of Agriculture looks at manufacturing restructuring in non-metropolitan U.S. Dr. John Bryden of the Arkleton Trust discusses rural industry and services in the European Community. Amy Glasmeier from Pennsylvania State University talks about the relationship of rural communities to large corporations in an era of globalization and Sally Shortall from the National Economic and Social Council in Ireland gives an overview of rural development in the Republic of Ireland.
Edward Bennett from Wilfred Laurier University and the Milverton-Mornington Economic Development Corporation debates the grassroots development site of the question, Grassroots vs. Chasing Smokestacks Approaches to Rural Economic Development. Regionald J. Cressman of the United Cooperatives of Ontario discusses the future of UCO in rural Ontario.
ISBN 1-895397-22-7
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 3 - Restructuring Industrial Production and Tradeable Services in Rural Canada in the 1990′s
R.C. Rounds, ed. | .pdf
The six papers selected for publication herein are divided into three groups.
In the first paper, William Coffey presents an interesting synopsis of “The Impact of the Growth of Tradeable Services Upon Non-Metropolitan Areas.” In the second paper Leonard P. Apedaile, David Freshwater and Phil Ehrensaft present a discussion on government programs and rural restructuring and their impacts on rural areas and single industry towns.
Fred Buttel, Philip McMichael and Susan Christopherson discuss the need for and parameters affecting rural policy in the third paper. Particular attention is paid to indirect rural policy, or that which is not directed at rural areas but has major impact in rural regions. Focus is on the United States experience. Linda Lobao focuses on rural communities and the well-being of rural residents, and their relationships with industrial restructuring, in the fourth paper.
The fifth paper presents a case study of “The Impact of Free Trade on Small and Medium Enterprises in Three Quebec Regions.” The products that likely would be influenced most by the FTA were identified and surveyed by Andre Joyal. In the final paper, Jack Stabler and Pauline Molder discuss the Manufacturing-Service Linkage in Saskatchewan.
ISBN 1-895397-19-7
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ARRG Working Paper Series Number 2 - Stimulating Rural Economies for the 2000s, Proceedings of the ARRG Rural Economic Conference
L.P. Apedaile, ed. | .pdf
This second publication is the Proceedings of the ARRG Rural Economic Conference which was held in Camrose, Alberta October, 1991. ARRG hosts annual public conferences on selected issues in rural areas across Canada. Not only members of ARRG, but also senior policy analysts with federal and provincial governments, local government representatives, business entrepreneurs and farmers attended. Special attention was given to the primary sectors of forestry, agriculture and mining, but most sessions concerned the wide-ranging perspectives of rural development in small towns or regions
Debate was lively, and round table opportunities were provided after most presentations. Brief summaries of the round table discussions are included in this Proceedings. Participants came from across the nation to engage local people in discussions about common issues, regional variations, and the possibilities and problems associated with current policies or proposed solutions.
ISBN 1-895397-09-X
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